A dependent verb follows a dependent particle.
cha (not) >> cha do dh'ith mi I didn't eat
an (interrogative positive) >> an do choisich thu? did you walk?
nach (interrogative negative) >> nach cuala iad? didn't they hear?
càite an (where?) >> càite a bheil e? where is it?
far an (where, the place that) >> tha an leabhar far an do dh'fhàg thu e the book is where you left it
gun (that, reported speech) >> chuala mi gun do dh'fhalbh e I heard that he left
gus an (until) >> gus an till e dhachaigh until he returns home
mun (before) >> mun do chan iad before they said
mur(a) (if not) >> mura bi thu ann if you won't be there
mus (before) >> mus tèid thu before you go
nach (relative negative) >> an duine nach fhaca the man who I didn't see
nan (if) >> nam biodh fios agam if I knew
The particles cha, an, nach and mura combine with bheil to form chan eil, a bheil, nach eil and mur eil.
The particle cha becomes chan before a vowel or fh+vowel.
The particle cha lenites the following verb, except for words beginning with d-, t- or s- and the verb bu (was).
The particle nach only lenites a verb beginning with f+vowel.
The particle an combines with bheil to form a bheil.
The particle gun combines with bheil to form gu bheil.
The particles an, gun and nan become am, gum and nam before a verb beginning with b-, f-, m- or p-.
The combination of an do is often written and pronounced as na.
The particle nan is only used with verbs in the conditional tense.
The form càite an? is often written as càit' an? or càit an?.
• Elements of Scottish Gaelic Verbs
|
• Irregular Verbs • Defective Verbs • Verbal Nouns • Infinitives |
• Tenses • Impersonal Forms • Passive • Derivatives |
• Regular Verb Paradigm (Broad Consonant)
• Regular Verb Paradigm (Slender Consonant)
• Independent Particles
• Dependent Particles
• Prepositional Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Prepositional Possessive Pronouns
• Written Accents